Methane on Mars is not an indication of life

ScienceDaily (May 31, 2012) ? It was a sensation when scientists discovered methane in Mars' atmosphere nine years ago. Many saw the presence of the gas as a clear indication of life on the inhospitable planet, as on Earth methane is produced predominantly by biological processes. Others assumed geological processes, such as volcanoes, to be the cause. What has been missing until now is proof of where the methane actually comes from, however.

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz and the universities in Utrecht and Edinburgh have now been able to show that methane escapes from a meteorite if it is irradiated with ultraviolet light under Martian conditions. Since meteorites and interplanetary dust from space, which carry along carbonaceous compounds, continuously impact on the Martian surface, the researchers conclude that high-energy UV radiation triggers the release of methane from the meteorites.

Since scientists identified larger quantities of methane in the Martian atmosphere in 2003, there has been much speculation about its source. The best-known hypothesis states that microorganisms produce the methane, and is thus an indication of life on the red planet. Another hypothesis assumes the source to be geological methane sources in Mars' interior. To date, none of the theories has been able to conclusively explain the large quantity of 200 to 300 tonnes of methane annually which are produced on Mars, according to projections.

Without an expedition to Mars and with nothing more than a meteorite to help them, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz and the universities in Utrecht and Edinburgh have now found a major source. "Methane is produced from innumerable, small micro-meteorites and interplanetary dust particles that land on the Martian surface from space," explains Frank Keppler, lead author of the study now published in the research journal Nature. "The energy is provided by the extremely intense ultraviolet radiation," adds the atmospheric chemist.

UV light decomposes carbon compounds in meteoritic matter

Unlike Earth, Mars has no protective ozone layer which could absorb most of the UV radiation from space. Moreover, the Martian atmosphere is very thin, so that a significantly smaller portion of the meteoritic material burns up in the atmosphere compared to Earth.

Together with colleagues from Great Britain and the Netherlands, the researchers from Mainz irradiated samples of the Murchison meteorite with ultraviolet light. "The meteorite contains several percent carbon and has a similar chemical composition to most of the meteoritic matter that lands on Mars," says the cosmochemist Ulrich Ott. The 4.6 billion-year-old meteorite fell to Earth in 1969 in the Australian town of Murchison. The researchers selected conditions identical to those on Mars for the UV irradiation, which caused considerable quantities of methane to escape from the meteorite almost immediately. Their conclusion: carbonaceous compounds in the meteoritic matter are decomposed by the high-energy UV radiation, and methane molecules are formed in the process.

The methane production from meteorites depends on temperature

Since the temperature on the red planet varies from minus 143 degrees Celsius at the poles to plus 17 degrees Celsius at Mars' equator, the scientists also investigated the meteoritic samples at appropriate temperatures. The warmer it became, the more methane was released by the meteoritic fragments. This temperature dependence also agrees with the different methane concentrations at different locations in the Martian atmosphere. In infrared spectra, the largest concentration of methane was found in the equatorial region, the warmest place on Mars, relatively speaking.

The results obtained by Frank Keppler's team should bring "down to earth" all those who firmly believe in the biological origin of the methane. The researchers cannot fully exclude the hypothesis of Martian microbes, however, because, although the process found here is inevitable, it is quite possible that further processes contribute to methane production. The researchers hope that Curiosity, the Mars Rover that NASA expects to land on our neighbouring planet at the beginning of August, will provide more details on the formation of methane, and maybe even final clarification as to whether there is life on Mars.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Frank Keppler, Ivan Vigano, Andy McLeod, Ulrich Ott, Marion Fr?chtl, Thomas R?ckmann. Ultraviolet-radiation-induced methane emissions from meteorites and the Martian atmosphere. Nature, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nature11203

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Investing in Japan: Is There Light at the End of the Tunnel? :: The ...

Stock-Markets / Japanese Stock Market May 30, 2012 - 11:20 AM

By: Money_Morning

Martin Hutchinson writes: Most people have given up on investing in Japan.

With an aging population and far too much government debt, the conventional wisdom is that Japan will never again see the vigorous economic growth it once enjoyed.

The earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 only reinforced this view. However, that tragic episode did have another side.

It showed the resilience and discipline of Japanese society.

There was almost no looting, for example -- and recent economic data suggest that the Japanese economy is not as dead as it seemed.

First quarter Japanese gross domestic product (GDP) came in at an annual growth rate of 4.1% --far higher than the United States, Canada, Australia, or anywhere in the Eurozone.

Given that Japan has been in perpetual near-recession for 21 years, with no surges of productivity like the U.S. enjoyed in the late 1990s, it's really not a bad performance.

You can also see Japan's true strength from its exchange rate, which is currently 79 yen to the dollar, up from around 120 five years ago. That makes visiting Tokyo very expensive.

However, it's also sign of a highly competitive economy.

Investing in Japan: What You Need to Know
It's notable that observers in the United States, a country which perpetually runs payment deficits of $500 billion-$600 billion annually, sneer at the economies of Japan and Germany, which are almost always in surplus.

Before 1995, I lived in another economy that was similar. Britain ran deficits much like the U.S. does.

So believe me when I tell you, deficits are not exactly a sign of superior economic health.

The reality is that Japanese and German products and services are highly competitive, both in advanced economies and in emerging markets. Conversely, U.S. exports are not as competitive except in a few sectors.

Even so, the Japanese stock market is still trading at less than a third of its 1990 peak.

However, that's no longer something to sneer at since the S&P 500 is also trading well below its 2000 peak.

The reality is that speculative bubbles such as that in Japanese stocks and real estate in the 1980s and U.S. stocks in the 1990s and housing in the 2000s are enormously damaging. The after-effects can last for years, or even decades.

Truly Alan Greenspan, Ben Bernanke and their 1980s Japanese counterparts have a lot to answer for.

These quasi-politicians at central banks should not be allowed to play games with the money supply. Rather, they ought to adopt an automatic system such as a gold standard.

Of course, it's all very well quoting the superior returns over the long term from equity investments. But the truth is, we have finite lifespans.

An investment in the U.S that loses money for 12 years and counting -- or 22 years and counting in Japan -- is not very attractive as a means of saving for retirement (unless you're 25).

Nevertheless, while the tunnel may be a long one, it is not an infinite one. Today in Japan there are signs we may be emerging from the other end.

Robust growth is the means by which both Japan and eventually the U.S. will emerge, which will reduce the excessive debt levels in the system and allow equity and other asset values to start increasing again.

Naturally, the politicians have to stop running huge deficits in order for this to happen, but in Japan this may finally be happening, with the government proposing to double the consumption tax to 10% in two stages by 2015.

Two Ways to Invest in Japan
Since Japan's export sector is hampered by its high exchange rate, the best Japanese investment would focus on the smaller companies. Such companies benefit from domestic growth and are themselves suppliers to the export giants.

The SPDR Russell/Nomura Japan smaller companies ETF (NYSE: JSC), for example, has now been running since 2006 and has an expense ratio of a modest 0.56%. It looks to be an excellent way to tap into Japanese small company growth.

Alternatively, you should consider investing in the Japanese financial sector, which has major growth opportunities in Asia and has avoided many of the problems of the 2008 meltdown.

In this area the best-capitalized company is Orix Corporation (NYSE: IX).

Orix, originally a leasing specialist, has expanded into most sectors of commercial and investment banking, with an emphasis on investment rather than trading. It has capital of around 15% of assets -- nearly double the capitalization ratio of most banks, in Japan or elsewhere.

What's more, Orix is trading on a P/E ratio of around 10 and at 53% of book value. For Japanese-minded investors it's also a bargain.

After a long downturn, Japan is poised to rebound. The conventional wisdom, as is often the case, is wrong.

Source :http://moneymorning.com/2012/05/30/investing-in-japan-is-there-light-at-the-end-of-the-tunnel/

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A Look at All Those Over-the-Top Interfaces in The Avengers [Design]

Besides all of the obvious visual effects like flying aircraft carriers and giant green rage monsters, there's a lot of post-production work in a blockbuster movie like The Avengers that you might not notice. Even though it's splashed across computer screens and heads-up displays throughout the film. More »

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ACN Review Network Marketing Opportunity Or Simply Just Another ...

The following ACN review will teach you that the program is an authentic network marketing opportunity based on sound products and a reliable company. If you?re uneasy about an MLM business being a scam just simply examine its products and its background. Most scams don?t have any merchandise and don?t last for very long, so let?s first examine the business in these terms and discuss the products first.

ACN Products

ACN sells global telecommunications products and services:

. Digital telephone services
. Video phone services
. Internet services including wireless communications
. Home protection systems
. Satellite TV with and without internet
. WiMAX
. ACN-specific products and support services

These are all respected products, and are what you can expect to be promoting when you join the ACN network marketing program. ACN responded to the VoIP eruption that endangered their telecoms business by focusing on developing their videophone products. VoIP has many problems, including security problems, in which traditional phones don?t, and ACN made sure that they made the best use of this fact.

So who is ACN, who created the company and how long have they been in business?

ACN Founders

ACN was created by four entrepreneurs since 1993, and at that time the company has grown considerably. Based in Concord, North Carolina, ACN Inc. started as American Communications Network, but it expanded fast and extended into Europe in 1999 and then Asia, therefore changed to just ACN Inc. It currently operates in 23 countries.

The founders are four entrepreneurs who saw a gap in the market: Greg Provenzano, Robert Stevanovski, Mike Cupisz and Tony Cupisz, each of whom offers many years of experience with running businesses associated with direct selling. They therefore have the pedigree, along with an annual increase of 40%, the business is solid, an excellent MLM business, and network marketing opportunity.

It is an established name, and has been featured in several extremely respectable publications including USA Today, Inc Magazine and Success from Home magazine. It is therefore not a fly-by-night business, hoping to earn a few quick bucks from some gullible people and then vanish into the night with the money.

ACN Compensation plan

Initially a potential problem with the ACN network marketing program may be that there is a relatively minimal markup on its products. That?s because they are all non-unique, so that they cannot be given inflated prices like other MLM program products. You therefore need to sell more volume to develop a substantial income.

However, when you look closer into the company you have a very wide range of products to sell which makes up for the low return, and you will discover it much easier to sell ACN products compared to those of single-product plans. Many customers use more than one ACN product, and you can easily make up the difference by promoting multiple products. They are all goods that practically everyone uses, so they are not tough to sell.

Like several other network marketing or MLM program, you get paid more revenue the bigger your downline, although you will be expected to keep a certain number of customers. Most customers will be involved in more than one product, in recurring payments for instance cell phone services, and also in repeat sales, so this is generally not difficult to accomplish.

ACN Product Benefits

The benefit of ACN products is that they are not luxuries. The majority of individuals will pay some kind of bill for internet services, phone services or TV bills every month ? remember you?re selling services and not simply just the hard goods, so we are talking about repeated billing here.
There?s a growing demand for telecommunication equipment and services, and you will not be lacking potential customers.

A nutritional product, on the other hand, is a luxury that some individuals might purchase a couple of times and then quit when they do not see any visible improvement in the way they look or feel. Possibly the closest in terms of recurring purchases go is Amway and we all know how successful that was ? and still is. With ACN you get paid monthly as long as the customer continues to be active ? that?s better than an one time payment for an individual sale.

When times get hard and money becomes scarce, individuals will drop the luxuries and keep the things they see as essentials: their cell phone, satellite TV and landline. So while your revenue is secure, that of the health products might not be because these are regarded as luxuries. Consider this: if you can only pay for one which will it be ? your cell phone or your fruit juice?

ACN Review ? The Bottom Line

The bottom line of this ACN review is the business is a secure and proven one, 18 years old and with excellent growth potential. The products are desirable and popular, and almost all instances essentials for the majority of of the population. They provide the likelihood of recurring income and repeat purchases and the company helps with suggestions on advertising and promotional material.

ACN Inc. is an excellent choice for a network marketing or MLM business that offers products with proven revenue potential, are simple to sell and it?s relatively easy to persuade others to sign up with your team.

Visit ACN Review to view even more great facts about how the top leaders are using the web to build a profitable ACN Business. The free video will everything.

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For Antelope Valley African Americans, a lower life expectancy

Life is shorter for African Americans in the High Desert.

Antelope Valley residents of all races face higher mortality rates than in the rest of Los Angeles County, but the rates for black residents are even more pronounced. African Americans in the region die four years sooner than black residents elsewhere in the county and 10 years earlier than county residents in general, according to the most recent health statistics.

As the number of African Americans living in cities like Palmdale and Lancaster continues to grow, county officials acknowledge that they have yet to investigate the causes and consequences of lowered life expectancy.

But healthcare providers and African American patients suggest that limited access to medical care may play a role. Patients who cannot visit general practitioners or specialists are likely to forgo treatment or wait until illnesses become so severe that they must go to the emergency room. Health statistics show that black residents in the Antelope Valley who have coronary heart disease, diabetes or renal failure will probably die sooner than similar patients elsewhere in the county.

The problem is especially acute for the area's 87,000 uninsured residents, they say.

"It's hard to see doctors, period," said Vicki Harris, 56, who moved to Lancaster in 1988 after she was injured in a drive-by shooting near her L.A. home. She contracted hepatitis C through a blood transfusion, and she has high blood pressure, among other ailments. "No one really wants to take your plan," she said.

At the Antelope Valley Community Clinic in Lancaster, Chief Executive James A. Cook said his facility was expecting some 70,000 patient visits this year, more than triple the 22,000 in 2010. "Neither the county nor other community providers ? can keep pace with the huge demand for primary care services for the uninsured," Cook said.

Health advocates say the High Desert is particularly lacking in medical specialists: dermatologists, cardiologists, rheumatologists, ophthalmologists and gastroenterologists. Psychiatric access is "almost nonexistent" and the county-funded Antelope Valley Community Clinic is one of the only facilities to provide dental care for uninsured adults, according to Cook.

L.A. County health officials say they have a strong commitment to providing adequate and quality health services to low-income High Desert residents.

Christina Ghaly, deputy director of strategic planning at the county Department of Health Services, said that all patients on the county's low-income Healthy Way LA program are assigned a primary care provider, and the cost of necessary medical services is not capped. The county funds five private nonprofit clinics in the Antelope Valley that last year had about 140,000 patient visits for primary and specialty care, officials said. A new multi-service ambulatory center is set to open in Lancaster in July 2014, Ghaly said. The county also operates one health center in the High Desert that provides free and low-cost services, such as immunizations and communicable disease testing and treatment.

Although county health authorities have not studied why black residents die earlier in the Antelope Valley, Steven Teutsch, chief science officer at the county's Department of Public Health, pointed to several possible factors. These include social environment, such as level of education and jobs; health behaviors, including diet and obesity; physical milieu, such as walkability of the community; and access to healthcare and the quality of that care.

In 2007, the latest year for which the county has statistics, blacks were living until about age 70 in the High Desert compared to age 74 elsewhere in the county. By comparison, life expectancy in general for county residents was almost 81.

Antelope Valley African Americans who suffer serious illnesses also die sooner than other county residents who suffer from the same illnesses.

According to age-adjusted county Health Department statistics, blacks died from coronary heart disease at a rate of 281 per 100,000 people, compared with 211 elsewhere in the county. And High Desert blacks suffering from diabetes died at a rate of 98 per 100,000 people, compared with the rate of 38 for those elsewhere in the county. (Age-adjusted mortality rates are calculated to account for differing age distributions in various populations.)

An estimated 32% of patients treated at the Antelope Valley Community Clinic in Lancaster are African American, and the majority have a combination of heart disease, diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure, Cook said.

Regina Tate is among those patients. Once a month, she travels to the clinic to get treatment for a several conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, sciatic nerve pain and obesity. The $44 round-trip taxi fare is a burden for the 61-year-old, who applied for Social Security disability in 2006 but has yet to receive any payment. Tate recently started receiving aid for medical care under the county's Healthy Way LA program.

"This was a godsend," Tate said of the clinic. "Otherwise, I'd been going back and forth to the ER."

But Antelope Valley health advocates say it is common for uninsured patients to wait two to three months for specialty care at county facilities. Those who do snag an appointment must "be prepared to wait all day," said Harris, a Lancaster resident. She recalled once waiting from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. to see a specialist at the High Desert Multiservice Ambulatory Care Center.

Infant mortality for L.A. County's blacks is also highest among African Americans who live in the Antelope Valley, because of a lack of prenatal care and easy access to health providers and clinics, according to the Black Infant Health Program of the Antelope Valley, which was created to help address this concern.

Palmdale resident Ruby Williams, 45, said she didn't see a doctor for the first six months of her most recent pregnancy. The mother of 13 children, who previously had three miscarriages, did not have insurance. Now she goes to the Antelope Valley Community Clinic and is enrolled in the Black Infant Health program.

The issue of inadequate healthcare services has taken center stage in an ongoing battle over the use of Section 8 housing vouchers in the High Desert. At least 70% of Lancaster's subsidized housing recipients are African American, according to city officials.

The mayor, R. Rex Parris, says that instead of providing necessary health services, county authorities are encouraging low-income minorities to use their housing vouchers to relocate to the Antelope Valley ? an allegation the county denies.

"They are sending poor people [here] to die," Parris has said. "No one who is suffering from diabetes, high blood pressure, ? kidney disease would voluntarily move to the Antelope Valley if they knew they would die many years earlier as a result."

Whether poor or upwardly mobile, more and more African Americans are moving from urban Los Angeles to northern L.A. County in hope of improving their quality of life. Today, African Americans make up about 20% of Lancaster's population of 157,000 ? up from about 7% in the late 1990s. Recent transplants cite greater public safety and successful public schools as reasons for moving. Military families have also been drawn by nearby Edwards Air Force Base and the aerospace companies at U.S. Plant 42.

Many low-income African Americans interviewed said the dearth of healthcare services and specialists was unlikely to affect their decision to live in the Antelope Valley.

"Up here the house is double the space ? and there are more houses to rent," said Williams, who moved from Watts two years ago and is able to use her Section 8 voucher to rent a five-bedroom, three-bathroom property for $537 a month.

And "for seniors, it's good," said Joe Johnson, 63, who walks with crutches after a hip replacement. "The environment is cleaner. The police don't bother you."

ann.simmons@latimes.com

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New global arms treaty must set tough rules: Oxfam

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Internet Marketing Consulting Now Offered by Specialists at ...

Jacksonville, FL (PRWEB) May 09, 2012

Internet marketing might not receive a second thought or search of the actual definition by regular people, but for some small business owners and individuals it can make or break their online results. It appears that new websites are found by searching in places like Google or Yahoo, but the reality is that the positioning that many of the top websites receive in search engine results comes from Internet marketing techniques. http://www.marktersblackbook.com, an Internet marketing company, is comprised of a team of specialists that dreamed of creating an online resource to help others achieve marketing success online. This company is now offering Internet marketing consulting services to the public. There are reasons why some websites are successful and others can fail without warning. The specialists at Marketers Black Book are helping those doing business online to avoid common mistakes and achieve planned results.

Before the Internet achieved its current fame, businesses relied on direct response marketing though television and print advertisements. The rise of the digital revolution in the last decade has made it faster and easier for the general public to access information online. Market research studies have been conducted that measure consumer purchasing trends and as many as 85 percent of consumers now search Google or Yahoo first before buying a product or service. We are contacted by website owners everyday that are trying to find an online solution to sell their products and services, said Francis Ablola, Co-Founder and Expert Copywriter at Marketers Black Book. Finding an audience online is now more challenging due to the algorithm updates recently enabled by Google, Ablola added. ?Companies that are exploring digital video marketing can tryout tools like Tube Toolbox to help rank their videos on YouTube and in Google,? offered Ablola.

The cost of doing business online can be more expensive than registering a domain name or buying a website hosting package. There are millions of websites now online around the world and many products and services are in direct competition for consumer attention. New companies release marketing tools that can be very helpful to website owners. One roadblock faced by some website owners is paying to purchase software that has not been evaluated or tested by others in their industry. We constantly purchase new software and online tools just to try them out so we know what works and what does not for our clients, said Brian Hanson, Co-Owner and SEO Expert at Marketers Black Book. Tools like AWeber can be very helpful to companies that are trying to build a mailing list to market products and services online, Hanson added. The expert team at Marketers Black Book is now scheduling clients to offer consulting services to help change the way that business owners and individual website owners find and maintain success online.

About MarketersBlackBook.com

Five Internet marketing experts had the idea in 2010 to put together an online resource that could help struggling website owners and Internet marketers to find a route to success online. This idea was Marketers Black Book and this website now receive thousands of visitors each month from around the world that want to learn ways to earn more revenue with Internet marketing online. The new consulting services are a private feature that allows one-on-one training with the entire Marketers Black Book team.

29. May 2012 by
Categories: Top Websites | Tags: Consulting, Internet, MarketersBlackBook.com, marketing, Offered, Specialists | Leave a comment

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Sony Xperia U review

Despite some successes last year with devices like the Xperia Arc, Sony’s gotten off to a shaky start in 2012. It was first to market with a new flagship device, in the form of the Xperia S, only to be eclipsed just a month later by HTC One X. And with the formidable Samsung Galaxy S III looming, Sony’s flagship product looks set to remain on the sidelines.

So could the Japanese manufacturer fare better in the entry-level space, with a phone like the Xperia U? At first glance, the device sounds like a winner -- and entry-level smartphone with a dual-core CPU, Sony’s Bravia Engine display tech and excellent build quality. But could this be undone by a focus on visual gimmickry, and the inclusion of an aging version of Android? Find out after the break as we kick off our full review of the Sony Xperia U.

 

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Good build quality, solid specs and decent performance. Excellent value for money, and an ICS update due in the weeks ahead...	…but in the meantime, it’s yet another Gingerbread phone. Swappable plastic bottoms are a bit of a gimmick. Dismal 4GB of media storage. Over-compression issues with the video camera. A few intermittent software bugs.
The Xperia U isn’t a flawless performance from Sony, but it is a nicely balanced entry-level handset all the same. The tiny amount of media storage, and lack of any expandable options, will be a deal-breaker for many. But around this price point, it's difficult to think of a phone that offers better value for money.

 

Inside this review	More info
Video walkthrough Hardware review Software review Camera tests	Xperia U MWC preview Xperia S review Xperia U forums

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Complete List Of 2011-12 Season TV Show Viewership: 'Sunday Night Football' Tops, Followed By 'American Idol,' 'NCIS' & 'Dancing With The Stars'

As another broadcast TV season slips into the rear view mirror, NBC Sunday Night Football finishes on top of the press release writer friendly but financially irrelevant total viewership rankings. The contest for second was a bit closer, as the Wednesday?American Idol edged NCIS by 320,000 average viewers. Dancing with the Stars rounded out the top 6.

If you're looking for the 2011-12 season adults 18-49 ratings you can find them here.

2011-12 Season Total Viewership (33 weeks of Live+7 Day and 2.5 weeks of Live+Same Day ratings)

Rank	Net	Program	Telecasts	Total Viewership (million)
1	NBC	NBC Sunday Night Football	15	20.741
2	FOX	American Idol-WEDNESDAY	19	19.811
3	CBS	NCIS	34	19.491
4	FOX	American Idol-THURSDAY	18	18.332
5	ABC	Dancing with the Stars	20	18.238
6	ABC	DANCING W/STARS RESULTS	19	16.083
7	CBS	NCIS: LOS ANGELES	32	16.011
8	CBS	Big Bang Theory, THE	32	15.820
9	NBC	VOICE	15	15.767
10	NBC	SUNDAY NIGHT NFL PRE-KICK	15	15.744
11	CBS	Two and a Half Men	34	14.639
12	CBS	Mentalist, THE	31	14.570
13	CBS	Person Of Interest	31	14.337
14	FOX	OT, THE	7	13.344
15	CBS	Criminal Minds	34	13.196
16	CBS	60 Minutes	29	13.029
17	ABC	Modern Family	34	12.930
18	CBS	SURVIVOR: SOUTH PACIFIC	12	12.770
19	FOX	X-FACTOR-WED	10	12.665
20	FOX	X-FACTOR-THU	11	12.571
21	CBS	CSI	31	12.490
22	ABC	CASTLE	27	12.181
22	CBS	Blue Bloods	30	12.159
24	CBS	Unforgettable	31	12.106
25	CBS	ROB	8	12.012
26	CBS	Hawaii Five-0	33	11.834
26	CBS	Good Wife, THE	23	11.830
28	ABC	Once Upon A Time	24	11.714
29	CBS	SURVIVOR: ONE WORLD	13	11.636
30	NBC	FOOTBALL NT AMERICA PT 3	15	11.529
31	CBS	MIKE & Molly	33	11.507
32	CBS	2 Broke Girls	33	11.285
33	CBS	Amazing Race 19	12	11.129
34	ABC	GREY'S ANATOMY	29	10.923
34	NBC	VOICE:RESULTS SHOW	6	10.915
36	CBS	CSI: MIAMI	21	10.840
37	ABC	Desperate Housewives	22	10.605
38	CBS	CSI: NY	25	10.343
39	CBS	Amazing Race 20	10	10.299
40	NBC	AMERICA'S GOT TALENT-MON	2	10.205
40	NBC	AMERICA'S GOT TALENT-TUE	2	10.201
42	CBS	Rules of Engagement	19	10.103
43	FOX	Terra Nova	11	10.083
44	ABC	Body Of Proof	26	9.898
45	CBS	How I Met Your Mother	32	9.673
46	FOX	Alcatraz	10	9.560
47	CBS	Undercover Boss	14	9.347
48	FOX	Bones	15	9.258
49	FOX	TOUCH	9	9.179
50	ABC	Last Man Standing	29	9.129
51	NBC	Smash	15	8.944
52	NBC	HARRY'S LAW	25	8.916
53	ABC	BACHELOR, THE	10	8.854
54	ABC	MISSING	10	8.818
55	CBS	NYC 22	4	8.771
56	ABC	Revenge	27	8.720
56	FOX	Glee	25	8.711
58	FOX	HOUSE	25	8.685
59	CBS	How To Be A Gentleman	2	8.671
60	CBS	GIFTED MAN, A	22	8.633
61	FOX	New Girl	28	8.217
62	ABC	Scandal	7	8.211
63	ABC	Private Practice	24	8.088
63	ABC	MIDDLE, THE	34	8.082
65	ABC	BACHELORETTE, THE	2	7.751
66	ABC	GCB	8	7.616
67	NBC	Law And Order:SVU	31	7.587
68	FOX	HELL'S KITCHEN-MON 9P	1	7.423
69	FOX	HELL'S KITCHEN-MON	1	7.336
70	FOX	Family Guy	23	7.304
71	ABC	Suburgatory	32	7.246
72	NBC	Biggest Loser 13	18	7.175
73	NBC	APPRENTICE 12	14	7.149
73	ABC	Pan Am	14	7.142
75	ABC	Man Up!	8	6.960
75	FOX	Simpsons	23	6.950
75	FOX	FINDER	13	6.945
75	ABC	Last Man Standing-8:30PM	4	6.945
79	NBC	Biggest Loser 12	13	6.930
79	ABC	CHARLIE'S Angels	7	6.919
79	NBC	Fear Factor	5	6.911
82	ABC	RIVER, THE	7	6.718
83	ABC	Happy Endings	25	6.647
84	CBS	60 Minutes PRESENTS	3	6.578
84	NBC	Parenthood	19	6.573
86	ABC	AMER FUNN HOME VIDEOS	27	6.537
87	NBC	OFFICE	31	6.506
88	ABC	SAT NIGHT FOOTBALL	10	6.399
89	ABC	DON'T Trust The B-APT 23	7	6.373
89	NBC	Grimm	26	6.359
91	NBC	Prime Suspect	12	6.293
91	NBC	OFF THEIR ROCKRS	8	6.292
93	ABC	Celebrity Wife Swap	4	6.270
94	NBC	WHO'S Still Standing	5	6.230
95	NBC	AMERICAN NINJA WARRIOR	1	6.204
96	NBC	FOOTBALL NT AMERICA PT 2	15	6.109
97	ABC	Wipeout-THURS	10	6.068
98	ABC	Shark Tank	18	6.033
99	FOX	MOBBED	4	5.971
100	ABC	Work It	2	5.871
101	ABC	Extreme Makeover:HOME ED.	14	5.832
101	CBS	48 Hours Mystery	29	5.820
103	ABC	Extreme Makeover:HM ED-9P	9	5.765
103	FOX	Napoleon Dynamite	5	5.751
105	FOX	NFL ON FOX BONUS	1	5.715
106	FOX	Raising Hope	25	5.644
107	ABC	20/20-FRI	32	5.630
107	NBC	Who Do You Think You Are	15	5.612
109	NBC	Dateline FRI	33	5.576
110	FOX	American Dad	18	5.468
111	FOX	CLEVELAND-SUN 8:30P	2	5.410
112	NBC	OFF THEIR ROCKRS 830	4	5.310
112	NBC	Up All Night	27	5.293
114	NBC	Dateline SUN-7PM	13	5.262
114	NBC	PLAYBOY CLUB	3	5.261
114	FOX	I HATE MY TEENAGE DGHTR	7	5.261
117	NBC	Dateline CLASSIC	2	5.243
117	NBC	AMERICA'S GOT TLNT-TU 8P	1	5.239
119	NBC	SING OFF	12	5.210
120	ABC	Cougar Town	12	5.185
121	ABC	20/20-FRIDAY	1	5.150
122	NBC	Whitney	27	5.111
123	ABC	PRIMETIME:WHAT WOULD U DO	17	4.998
124	NBC	Fashion Star	10	4.950
125	NBC	Awake	12	4.807
125	ABC	You Deserve It	5	4.805
127	CBS	CRIMETIME SATURDAY	23	4.745
128	NBC	Dateline CLASSIC-FRI	1	4.698
129	ABC	MIDDLE-TUE, THE	5	4.568
130	NBC	30 Rock	19	4.554
130	NBC	Are You There Chelsea	12	4.541
132	ABC	MISSING-WED	3	4.492
132	FOX	Allen Gregory	7	4.483
134	NBC	Parks and Recreation	26	4.411
135	ABC	MY EXTREME AFFLICTION	4	4.387
135	NBC	FIRM	15	4.361
137	FOX	Family Guy ENCORE	4	4.277
138	NBC	Prime Suspect-SAT	5	4.268
138	NBC	Chuck	12	4.247
140	ABC	SAT NIGHT FTBL PRE-GAME	10	4.227
140	FOX	FRINGE	26	4.221
142	FOX	BOB'S BURGERS	9	4.187
143	FOX	COPS 2	13	4.107
144	FOX	CLEVELAND	21	4.034
144	NBC	COMMUNITY	24	4.029
146	NBC	Free Agents	3	3.958
147	NBC	Rock Center-B. WILLIAMS	27	3.954
148	ABC	Suburgatory-TUE	4	3.920
149	FOX	Kitchen Nightmares	23	3.878
150	NBC	Law And Order:SVU-SAT	22	3.863
150	FOX	Napoleon Dynamite ENCORE	1	3.846
152	NBC	Up All Night-8:30P	4	3.756
153	FOX	COPS	12	3.740
153	FOX	Simpsons ENCORE	4	3.729
155	NBC	HARRY'S LAW-SAT	11	3.708
156	ABC	ABC SAT MOVIE OF THE WEEK	9	3.457
156	FOX	BREAKING IN	5	3.449
158	NBC	Best Friends Forever	4	3.429
159	NBC	LAW & ORDER:SVU-WED 9PM	2	3.259
160	ABC	Wipeout-SAT 8PM	5	3.236
161	CBS	COMEDYTIME SATURDAY 2	13	3.214
162	CBS	COMEDYTIME SATURDAY 1	13	3.167
163	ABC	Shark Tank-SAT 8PM	4	3.068
164	NBC	BENT 9P	3	3.050
165	FOX	American Dad ENCORE	2	2.901
166	CW	Vampire Diaries	32	2.777
167	FOX	CLEVELAND ENCORE	2	2.692
168	NBC	BENT 930	3	2.657
169	FOX	FINDER-ENCORE	2	2.599
170	FOX	Simpsons-SUN 7P	9	2.496
170	NBC	FIRM-SAT	1	2.494
172	CW	AMERICA'S Top Model-11	12	2.421
173	NBC	Smash-SAT	4	2.360
174	FOX	Terra Nova-ENCORE	8	2.242
175	CW	SECRET CIRCLE	28	2.056
176	CW	SUPERNATURAL	32	2.026
177	FOX	CLEVELAND-SUN 7P	3	1.953
178	FOX	CLEVELAND-SAT 9:30P	1	1.908
179	FOX	Q'VIVA	4	1.883
180	CW	One Tree Hill	13	1.855
181	CW	Ringer	25	1.818
182	CW	Hart Of Dixie	30	1.779
182	CW	Nikita	31	1.774
184	FOX	BOB'S BURGER-SUN 7P	8	1.746
184	FOX	American Dad-SAT 9P	1	1.732
186	CW	90210	28	1.548
186	CW	AMERICA'S Top Model-BRIT	12	1.522
188	CW	Gossip Girl-MON	25	1.518
189	CW	H8R	3	1.239
190	CW	Ringer-ENC	4	1.204
191	CW	AMERICA'S TOP MODEL11-ENC	5	1.119
192	NBC	ESCAPE ROUTES	6	1.108
193	CW	AMERICA'S TOP MOD BRIT-EN	8	0.865
194	CW	Remodeled	6	0.711
195	CW	LA COMPLEX	5	0.572

-
Nielsen TV Ratings: ?2012 The Nielsen Company. All Rights Reserved.

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Journey and also Tourism Colleges : Advanced schooling Alternatives.

Simply by enrolling in a certified college, college or university, as well as level system it is possible to get a training with vacation along with vacation. This specific will aid you to practice this vocation you want by giving you the abilities necessary to do well. You?ll find so many advanced schooling options offered by traveling as well as tourist schools that enable you the chance to plan this profession an individual imagine. You can find a software program of which complies with your own personal occupation targets along with informative wants along with ask for details regarding degree choices. Chances to obtain a great schooling with this field can be purchased via several certified educational institutions along with universities. It is possible to practice it which is befitting a person and get the qualification as well as level that?s necessary for the particular vocation you want. Different choices are available according to the instructional coaching facility. Begin the way into a new job by first obtaining a certified: Document
Link Level
Bachelors pozycjonowanie stron Diploma
Master DegreeOnce you?ve chosen the level of knowledge in which you intend to acquire you can choose the actual job in which you wish to choose after graduation. Using application in an approved job training course you could end up continuing your journey a great thrilling upcoming. There are a number associated with profession chances accessible to you in neuro-scientific take a trip as well as tourism. You can try a number of folks providing specifics of inn rooms, voyages, currency exchange rates, sights, and much more. Employment opportunities consist of functioning being a professional: Travel Realtor
Reservationist
Luxury cruise Income Boss
Residence Administrator? plus much more. After you have determined the quality of schooling along with career which you wish to follow, you can start performing almost all necessary coursework and also education so that you can organize access in the workforce. Coursework will be different in line with the level of education and also the job that you?ve selected. The majority of educational facilities and also universities will give you the identical accredited coursework but some will certainly vary depending on the profession journey you have decided. Matters associated with examine can let you understand food, revenue along with promoting, language, pcs, booking, and even more. Through obtaining a certified education and learning within these types of subjects an individual you will need to seek your job an individual think of. It will be possible to operate throughout transport, location, hospitality, and even more. Start the way to a completely new job by means of obtaining a plan along with enrolling nowadays. Accredited traveling and travel and leisure schools can be found to provide the coffee quality instructional education which is necessary for an effective career. Various agencies just like the Accrediting Authorities with regard to Carrying on Training and Training (http://www.accet.org/) are certified to totally accredit educational facilities along with educational institutions that include evidence which a good quality schooling will be been given. You possibly can research educative applications to get the one which suits your own personal wants and initiate the educational practice by simply requesting much more information. Organize the actual career of a life by looking for a university, higher education, as well as stage plan and also signing up nowadays. DISCLAIMER: Above can be a SIMPLE SUMMARIZE and may as well as might not exactly express exact techniques, lessons and/or concentrates relevant to ANY particular school(ohydrates) that could or even may not be publicised from PETAP. org. Copyright laws 2010 ? Many protection under the law set aside through PETAP. org.

This entry was posted in Rolnictwo and tagged business, pozycjonowanie, pozycjonowanie stron, seo by s11x9ztjd. Bookmark the permalink.

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Educational Leadership:Meeting Students Where They Are:Why Teachers Should Try Twitter

William M. Ferriter

I've got an embarrassing confession to make: Until recently, I wasn't convinced that differentiating learning opportunities for students really mattered. Like many teachers, I would deliver one lesson each day, keeping my fingers crossed that I met everyone's needs. And even though I've always had a sense for the strengths and weaknesses of my individual students, I rarely drew on that knowledge to make specific changes in instruction or assignments.

The primary reason for my inability to embrace differentiation as a teacher was that, until recently, I'd never experienced differentiation as a learner. Like most practitioners, I've spent too much professional development time sitting in lectures delivered to entire faculties. No one offered preassessments, tiered lessons, or learning contracts to my colleagues or me. Instead, we plodded through courses designed to meet the needs of the majority. In fact, the structure of professional development programs in most schools sends conflicting messages about the importance of meeting learners where they are.

Differentiation has grown on me in the past 18 months, though, thanks to my experiences using the online networking tool Twitter. Twitter makes it easy to post short (140-character maximum), public, text-based messages to the Web?messages that any interested follower can see and respond to.

Although many Twitter users post personal messages that might be described as "digital noise" (such as "Having Chinese takeout for dinner"), teaching professionals have found ways to use Twitter to share resources and lend quick support to peers with similar interests. For educators who use this tool to build a network of people whose Twitter messages connect to their work, Twitter becomes a constant source of new ideas to explore.

Finding Someone to "Follow"

I began my work with Twitter by creating a free account, which anyone with an Internet connection can do by visiting http://twitter.com. I then started following the updates of Sheryl Nussbaum-Beach (@snbeach), a Teacher Leaders Network colleague and digital learning expert. Each time I signed into Twitter, I'd automatically see any thoughts that Sheryl had posted, sometimes including links to articles she was reading.

Although Sheryl's messages were not intended for me alone?all of her Twitter followers could see her posts?most were valuable to me because Sheryl and I are both interested in the changing nature of learning in the 21st century. We each study the kinds of skills students will need to be successful in tomorrow's world and the ways digital tools can facilitate meaningful experiences in today's classrooms. Exploring her Twitter posts challenged my thinking and led me to great resources without having to spend hours searching. Even as my Twitter network has grown, Sheryl's posts continue to help me. Just today, she shared a link to a collection of resources on teaching second languages that I can't wait to explore (http://www.onlineuniversities.com/blog/2009/11/100-tips-tools-to-teach-your-child-a-second-language).

Next, I started following the Twitter messages shared by many of the creative educators I found on the Twitter4Teachers wiki (http://twitter4teachers.pbworks.com), seeking the same kinds of people I like to exchange ideas with in real life. I focused on finding middle school language arts and social studies teachers or teachers interested in technology, knowing that people with my interests were likely to point me toward resources I could use.

I also followed Twitter users who were recommended by digital peers or whom I knew in person. Each of their updates appeared automatically on my Twitter homepage. I could look inside the minds of motivated peers to learn about the new projects they were undertaking, the research reports they were studying, and Web sites they were exploring. As my comfort with Twitter grew?a process that took a few months, as is typical for new users?I became an active contributor to this knowledge network.

I'm constantly jazzed by my Twitter network because I have easy access to a stream of customized information and ideas that motivate me?one characteristic of differentiated learning. This information is customized because I follow only Twitter posters who discuss topics I'm eager to learn about. Although I can't read every message generated by the 200 education professionals whose updates I now follow, I skim through posts for 20 minutes each morning and afternoon.

Using the Reply and Direct Message options, I join conversations with individual members of this digital community, offering suggestions, asking questions, and celebrating successes. As with most digital conversations, I can either make my replies visible to everyone who's following my updates or target private replies to certain individuals.

I now turn to Twitter friends for help in the same way that I turn to the teachers on my hallway. Recently, a friend in my Twitter feed pointed me to a great strategy for structuring classroom discussions, a practice I'd been struggling with (http://angelacunningham.wordpress.com/2009/05/teaching-students-to-dialogue.html).

Opportunities for Customization

What lessons have I learned from Twitter? First, I finally understand how much differentiated learning matters. My own motivation levels have skyrocketed, I'm accessing ideas connected to my professional interests, and I've taken ownership of my own learning.

This has me convinced that we can use digital tools to differentiate learning for students, too. Although Twitter may not be appropriate in all situations? elementary students would struggle to build meaningful networks of peers, and schools would have to actively address Internet safety?it's being used successfully by several inventive high school teachers. Shelly Blake-Plock, for example, a Maryland Latin and art history teacher, is integrating Twitter into research, discussion, and vocabulary work in his classroom. Blake-Plock shares ideas on using Twitter in the classroom in this entry on his blog, Teach Paperless: http://teachpaperless.blogspot.com/2009/05/best-practices-in-twitter-enhanced-high.html.

Teachers must identify how applications like Twitter can facilitate their learning. Digital opportunities to connect with new content and communities can accelerate learning for every student?but only after teachers become efficient digital learners, too.

William M. Ferriter (@plugusin on Twitter) teaches 6th grade language arts and social studies in Raleigh, North Carolina, and blogs about the teaching life at The Tempered Radical (http://teacherleaders.typepad.com/the_tempered_radical). He is the coauthor of Building a Professional Learning Community at Work: A Guide to the First Year (Solution Tree, 2009); 919-363-1870; wferriter@hotmail.com.

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Ex Republican congresswoman blasts current GOP and its women Reps

By David Ferguson
Saturday, May 26, 2012 13:20 EDT

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Former Representative Claudine Schneider (R-RI) believes that the Republican Party is heading in the wrong direction. According to Think Progress, the moderate Republican believes that today?s Republican Party has no place for centrists like herself, and that the current crop of Republican women in Congress are ?not voting in the interest of all women,? particularly with regards to the question of pay equity.

Schneider joins other disaffected Republicans like former George W. Bush adviser David Frum and The Myth of Heterosexual AIDS author Michael Fumento in decrying a Republican Party that they believe has moved too far to the right. She said that former President Ronald Reagan ?would be embarrassed? by today?s Republicans, who have driven out all but the most extreme candidates in primary elections all over the country.

She is particularly disappointed in women Republicans, who she says are so frightened of losing their primaries, that ?They have drunk the Kool-Aid that makes them think it is more important to win, than to do what is right by ending discrimination. The conservatives have co-opted the primaries and in order to win, they appear to do whatever it will take. Clearly, based on [the voting records of the 24 current Republican Congresswomen], they are NOT voting in the best interest of all women and men, because when women lose, families lose!?

Republican women legislators have formed a caucus called the Women?s Policy Committee, a tack that Schneider dismissed as window-dressing. ?This is merely posturing so that the Republican party might stop hemorrhaging the women?s vote,? she said.

Schneider was instrumental in passing laws protecting the environment, health legislation and gender equity laws like the Economic Equity and the Pension Equity Acts. She served five terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 1991.

(image via Wikimedia Commons)

David Ferguson

David Ferguson is an editor at Raw Story. He was previously writer and radio producer in Athens, Georgia, hosting two shows for Georgia Public Broadcasting and blogging at Firedoglake.com and elsewhere. He is currently working on a book.

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